Increasing pasture intakes enhances polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipophilic antioxidants in plasma and milk of dairy cows fed total mix ration

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Table II.

Fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant profile in plasma.

Fatty acid profile (mg·g⁻¹of lipids)
	TMR¹ (CTRL)	SEM	TMR + pasture (30P)	SEM	TMR + pasture (70P)	SEM
OA²	36.87^c	1	43.37^b	1.69	48.85^a	2.65
VA³	59.00^c	2.05	73.75^b^c	2.07	106.90^a	3.03
LA⁴	289.89^b	48.98	268.07^b	108.30	311.27^a	34.01
Tot CLA⁵	0.40^c	0.21	0.70^b	0.20	1.04^a	0.21
ALA⁶	0.24^c	0.11	0.41^b	0.12	0.75^a	0.12
GLA⁷	0.24	0.01	0.27	0.03	0.22	0.01
AA⁸	0.17	0.03	0.15	0.02	0.20	0.02
EPA⁹	2.47^c	0.80	3.90^b	0.99	6.10^a	1.56
DHA¹⁰	13.36^c	1.56	19.82^b	0.56	29.83^a	2.56
Fat-soluble antioxidants (μg·mL⁻¹)
β-Carotene	1.74^c	0.35	2.89^b	0.38	4.39^a	0.45
Retinol	0.41	0.10	0.53	0.08	0.46	0.22
α-Tocopherol	3.32^c	0.37	4.55^b	0.20	5.60^a	0.50

^a–c

Means on the same line, not sharing the same superscript are different (P < 0.05).

¹TMR = total mix ration; ²OA = oleic acid; ³VA = vaccenic acid; ⁴LA = linoleic acid; ⁵Tot CLA = conjugated linoleic acid; ⁶ALA = alpha-linolenic acid; ⁷GLA = gamma-linolenic acid; ⁸AA = arachidonic acid; ⁹EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; ¹⁰DHA = docosahexaenoic acid.