Investigation of surface modification of casein films by rennin enzyme action using micro-beam grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering

Ronald Gebhardt; Manfred Burghammer; Christian Riekel; Ulrich Kulozik; Peter Müller-Buschbaum

doi:10.1051/dst/2009047

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Volume 90 / No 1 (January–February 2010)

Dairy Sci. Technol., 90 1 (2010) 75-86

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Free Access

Issue		Dairy Sci. Technol. Volume 90, Number 1, January–February 2010


Page(s)		75 - 86
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/dst/2009047
Published online		17 December 2009

Cameron R.E., Jalil M.A., Donald A.M., Diffusion of bovine serum albumin in amylopectin gels measured using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, Macromolecules 27 (1994) 2708–2713. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Cantor C.R., Schimmel P.R., Biophysical Chemistry. Part II: Techniques for the Study of Biological Structure and Function, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, USA, 1980. [Google Scholar]
Dalgleish D.G., Spagnuolo P.A., Goff H.D., A possible structure of the casein micelle based on high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Int. Dairy J. 14 (2004) 1025–1031. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Fox P.F., Brodkorb A., The casein micelle: historical aspects, current concepts and significance, Int. Dairy J. 18 (2008) 677–684. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Gebhardt R., Burghammer M., Riekel C., Roth S.V., Müller-Buschbaum P., Structural changes of casein micelles in a calcium gradient film, Macromol. Biosci. 8 (2008) 347–354. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Gebhardt R., Doster W., Friedrich J., Kulozik U., Size distribution of pressure-decomposed casein micelles studied by dynamic light scattering and AFM, Eur. Biophys. J. 35 (2006) 503–509. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Gebhardt R., Vendrely C., Burghammer M., Riekel C., Characterization of the boundary zone of a cast protein drop: fibroin beta-sheet and nanofibril formation, Langmuir 25 (2009) 6307–6311. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Hammersley A., Available at: http://www.esrf.fr/computing/scientific/FIT2D/. [Google Scholar]
Hansen S., Bauer R., Lomholt S.B., Quist K.B., Pedersen J.S., Mortensen K., Structure of casein micelles studied by small-angle neutron scattering, Eur. Biophys. J. 24 (1996) 143–147. [Google Scholar]
Henke B.L., Available at: http://henke.lbl.gov/optical_constants/. [Google Scholar]
Holt C., de Kruif C.G., Tuinier R., Timmins P.A., Substructure of bovine casein micelles by small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 213 (2003) 275–284. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Horne D.S., Casein interactions: casting light on the black boxes, the structure in dairy products, Int. Dairy J. 8 (1998) 171–177. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Horne D.S., Casein micelle structure: models and muddles, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 11 (2006) 148–153. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Johnson E.M., Berk D.A., Jain R.K., Deen W.M., Hindered diffusion in agarose gels: Test of effective medium model, Biophys. J. 70 (1996) 1017–1023. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kulozik U., Tolkach A., Bulca S., Hinrichs J., The role of processing and matrix design in development and control of microstructures in dairy food production – a survey, Int. Dairy J. 13 (2003) 621–630. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Marchin S., Putaux J., Pignon F., Léonil J., Effects of the environmental factors on the casein micelle structure studied by cryo transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering/ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, J. Chem. Phys. 126 (2007) 045101. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Müller-Buschbaum P., Gebhardt R., Maurer E., Bauer E., Gehrke R., Doster W., Thin casein films as prepared by spin-coating: influence of film thickness and of pH, Biomacromolecules 7 (2006) 1773–1780. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Müller-Buschbaum P., Gebhardt R., Roth S.V., Metwalli E., Doster W., Effect of calcium concentration on the structure of casein micelles in thin films, Biophys. J. 93 (2007) 960–968. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Parratt L.G., Surface studies of solids by total reflection of X-rays, Phys. Rev. 95 (1954) 359–369. [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Pechkova E., Roth S.V., Bürghammer M., Fontani D., Riekel C., Nicolini C., Micro-GISAXS and protein nanotemplate crystallization: methods and instrumentation, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 12 (2005) 713–716. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Pignon F., Belina G., Narayanan T., Paubel X., Magnin A., Gésan-Guiziou G., Structure and rheological behavior of casein micelle suspensions during ultrafiltration process, J. Chem. Phys. 121 (2004) 8138–8146. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Regnault S., Thiebaud M., Dumay E., Cheftel J.C., Pressurisation of raw skim milk and of a dispersion of phosphocaseinate at 9 °C or 20 °C: effects on casein micelle size distribution, Int. Dairy J. 14 (2004) 55–68. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Riekel C., Burghammer M., Davies R., Gebhardt R., Popov D., Fundamentals of non-crystalline diffraction with microfocus techniques, in: García-Gutiérrez M., Nogales A., Gómez M., Ezquerra T.A., Applications of Synchrotron Light to Non-Crystalline Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2008, pp. 91–104. [Google Scholar]
Roth S.V., Autenrieth T., Grubel G., Riekel C., Burghammer M., Hengstler R., Schulz L., Müller-Buschbaum P., In situ observation of nanoparticle ordering at the air-water-substrate boundary in colloidal solutions using X-ray nanobeams, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007) 091915–1–3. [Google Scholar]
Saltzman W.M., Langer R., Transport rates of proteins in porous materials with known microgeometry, Biophys. J. 55 (1989) 163–171. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Schoeck J., Davies R.J., Martel A., Riekel C., Na-cellulose formation in a single cotton fiber studied by synchrotron radiation microdiffraction, Biomacromolecules 8 (2007) 602–610. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Shukla A., Narayanan T., Zanchi D., Structure of casein micelles and their complexation with tannins, Soft Matter 5 (2009) 2884–2888. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Walstra P., Casein sub-micelles: do they exist?, Int. Dairy J. 9 (1999) 189–192. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Walstra P., Wouters J.T.M., Geurts T.J., Dairy Science and Technology, 2nd edn., Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2006. [Google Scholar]
Waugh D.F., Noble R.W. Jr., Casein micelles. Formation and structure II, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 87 (1965) 2246–2257. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Yoneda Y., Anomalous surface reflection of X-rays, Phys. Rev. 131 (1963) 2010–2013. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[1] Cameron R.E., Jalil M.A., Donald A.M., Diffusion of bovine serum albumin in amylopectin gels measured using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, Macromolecules 27 (1994) 2708–2713. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[2] Cantor C.R., Schimmel P.R., Biophysical Chemistry. Part II: Techniques for the Study of Biological Structure and Function, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, USA, 1980. [Google Scholar]

[3] Dalgleish D.G., Spagnuolo P.A., Goff H.D., A possible structure of the casein micelle based on high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Int. Dairy J. 14 (2004) 1025–1031. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[4] Fox P.F., Brodkorb A., The casein micelle: historical aspects, current concepts and significance, Int. Dairy J. 18 (2008) 677–684. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[5] Gebhardt R., Burghammer M., Riekel C., Roth S.V., Müller-Buschbaum P., Structural changes of casein micelles in a calcium gradient film, Macromol. Biosci. 8 (2008) 347–354. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[6] Gebhardt R., Doster W., Friedrich J., Kulozik U., Size distribution of pressure-decomposed casein micelles studied by dynamic light scattering and AFM, Eur. Biophys. J. 35 (2006) 503–509. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[7] Gebhardt R., Vendrely C., Burghammer M., Riekel C., Characterization of the boundary zone of a cast protein drop: fibroin beta-sheet and nanofibril formation, Langmuir 25 (2009) 6307–6311. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[8] Hammersley A., Available at: http://www.esrf.fr/computing/scientific/FIT2D/. [Google Scholar]

[9] Hansen S., Bauer R., Lomholt S.B., Quist K.B., Pedersen J.S., Mortensen K., Structure of casein micelles studied by small-angle neutron scattering, Eur. Biophys. J. 24 (1996) 143–147. [Google Scholar]

[10] Henke B.L., Available at: http://henke.lbl.gov/optical_constants/. [Google Scholar]

[11] Holt C., de Kruif C.G., Tuinier R., Timmins P.A., Substructure of bovine casein micelles by small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 213 (2003) 275–284. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[12] Horne D.S., Casein interactions: casting light on the black boxes, the structure in dairy products, Int. Dairy J. 8 (1998) 171–177. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[13] Horne D.S., Casein micelle structure: models and muddles, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 11 (2006) 148–153. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[14] Johnson E.M., Berk D.A., Jain R.K., Deen W.M., Hindered diffusion in agarose gels: Test of effective medium model, Biophys. J. 70 (1996) 1017–1023. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[15] Kulozik U., Tolkach A., Bulca S., Hinrichs J., The role of processing and matrix design in development and control of microstructures in dairy food production – a survey, Int. Dairy J. 13 (2003) 621–630. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[16] Marchin S., Putaux J., Pignon F., Léonil J., Effects of the environmental factors on the casein micelle structure studied by cryo transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering/ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, J. Chem. Phys. 126 (2007) 045101. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[17] Müller-Buschbaum P., Gebhardt R., Maurer E., Bauer E., Gehrke R., Doster W., Thin casein films as prepared by spin-coating: influence of film thickness and of pH, Biomacromolecules 7 (2006) 1773–1780. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[18] Müller-Buschbaum P., Gebhardt R., Roth S.V., Metwalli E., Doster W., Effect of calcium concentration on the structure of casein micelles in thin films, Biophys. J. 93 (2007) 960–968. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[19] Parratt L.G., Surface studies of solids by total reflection of X-rays, Phys. Rev. 95 (1954) 359–369. [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[20] Pechkova E., Roth S.V., Bürghammer M., Fontani D., Riekel C., Nicolini C., Micro-GISAXS and protein nanotemplate crystallization: methods and instrumentation, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 12 (2005) 713–716. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[21] Pignon F., Belina G., Narayanan T., Paubel X., Magnin A., Gésan-Guiziou G., Structure and rheological behavior of casein micelle suspensions during ultrafiltration process, J. Chem. Phys. 121 (2004) 8138–8146. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[22] Regnault S., Thiebaud M., Dumay E., Cheftel J.C., Pressurisation of raw skim milk and of a dispersion of phosphocaseinate at 9 °C or 20 °C: effects on casein micelle size distribution, Int. Dairy J. 14 (2004) 55–68. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[23] Riekel C., Burghammer M., Davies R., Gebhardt R., Popov D., Fundamentals of non-crystalline diffraction with microfocus techniques, in: García-Gutiérrez M., Nogales A., Gómez M., Ezquerra T.A., Applications of Synchrotron Light to Non-Crystalline Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2008, pp. 91–104. [Google Scholar]

[24] Roth S.V., Autenrieth T., Grubel G., Riekel C., Burghammer M., Hengstler R., Schulz L., Müller-Buschbaum P., In situ observation of nanoparticle ordering at the air-water-substrate boundary in colloidal solutions using X-ray nanobeams, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007) 091915–1–3. [Google Scholar]

[25] Saltzman W.M., Langer R., Transport rates of proteins in porous materials with known microgeometry, Biophys. J. 55 (1989) 163–171. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[26] Schoeck J., Davies R.J., Martel A., Riekel C., Na-cellulose formation in a single cotton fiber studied by synchrotron radiation microdiffraction, Biomacromolecules 8 (2007) 602–610. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[27] Shukla A., Narayanan T., Zanchi D., Structure of casein micelles and their complexation with tannins, Soft Matter 5 (2009) 2884–2888. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[28] Walstra P., Casein sub-micelles: do they exist?, Int. Dairy J. 9 (1999) 189–192. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

[29] Walstra P., Wouters J.T.M., Geurts T.J., Dairy Science and Technology, 2nd edn., Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2006. [Google Scholar]

[30] Waugh D.F., Noble R.W. Jr., Casein micelles. Formation and structure II, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 87 (1965) 2246–2257. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[31] Yoneda Y., Anomalous surface reflection of X-rays, Phys. Rev. 131 (1963) 2010–2013. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]