Variation in fatty acid composition of milk and cheese from cows grazed on two alpine pastures

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Table I.

Composition of Festuca nigrescens (F) and Trifolium alpinum (T) pastures: mean specific contribution (SC, %), mean contribution to defoliation index (CDI, %) during experimental period (P1 and P2). Plant secondary metabolites (PSM) richness from bibliographic data in ordinal scale: − poor to +++ very rich. Letters identify statistical differences of SC and CDI within the same vegetation type depending on the experimental paddock.

Species	SC		CDI		PSM	References
Species	P1	P2	P1	P2	PSM	References
F
Festuca nigrescens Lam. non Gaudin	15.95^a	22.20^b	9.90	10.11	−	[22, 37]
Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm.	13.20	13.40	3.42	3.40	++	[17, 30]
Phleum alpinum L.	4.60^a	11.47^b	5.63^a	9.86^b	−	[37]
Trifolium repens L.	8.57	7.20	4.06	2.66	+	[37, 38, 45]
Polygonum bistorta L.	8.01	6.01	16.19	10.27	+++	[30, 37]
Ranunculus gr. montanus	4.52	6.50	1.31	1.86	+	[37]
Poa pratensis L.	8.74^b	0.56^a	5.76	–	−	[37]
Geum montanum L.	1.95	4.70	0.80	2.72	++	[37]
Poa alpina L.	3.42	1.96	4.07	0.00	−	[37]
Poa annua L.	4.16^b	0.27^a	2.15	–	−	[37]
Potentilla tabernaemontani Asch.	1.51	2.84	0.00	1.46	++	[37]
Achillea gr. millefolium	1.84	2.37	0.00	5.90	+++	[22, 30, 37]
Trifolium pratense L. ssp. nivale (Sieber) Asch. et Gr.	2.02	1.81	0.49^a	5.12^b	+	[30, 45]
Taraxacum officinale Weber	1.03	2.10	0.00	9.26	+++	[37]
Total PSM-rich species	42.65	46.93	24.96	40.79
T
Trifolium alpinum L.	24.92	22.89	10.14	11.61	+	[38]
Nardus stricta L.	17.40	22.47	5.58^a	22.61^b	−	[37]
Carex sempervirens Vill.	6.41^a	20.93^b	5.42^a	18.23^b	−	[37]
Avenella flexuosa (L.) Parl.	7.94	4.67	9.60	15.24	−	[37]
Festuca nigrescens Lam. non Gaudin	10.95^b	0.48^a	10.76	–	−	[22, 37]
Poa alpina L.	4.78	4.57	8.68	3.50	−	[37]
Geum montanum L.	1.97	3.29	1.81	6.79	+	[37]
Festuca gr. ovina	4.41	–	5.62	–	−	[37]
Agrostis rupestris All.	1.36	2.91	9.12	10.13	−	[37]
Ranunculus pyrenaeus L.	2.90	1.34	0.00	0.00	+	[37]
Total PSM-rich species	29.80	27.51	11.95	18.40