The percentage change of lumbar spine and femur BMC (A and C) and BMD (B and D) of female Sprague-Dawley rats between weeks 4 and −2, and weeks 11 and 4. Sham, sham-operated group (n = 10); OVX, ovariectomised group (n = 15); HN001, ovariectomised group fed with HN001 (n = 15). An ‘a’ represents P < 0.05 for sham vs. OVX, a ‘b’ for P < 0.05 for sham vs. HN001 and a ‘c’ for P < 0.05 for OVX vs. HN001.